A postpartum depression screening can help find out if you have this condition. Two of the assessments are available in spanish the cesd and epds. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Cutoff scores are likely to differ in their utility with various populations for. This screening tool is userfriendly, easy to administer and easy to score. Screening timeline for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders minimum recommendations, screening should be done as often as needed. A study examined the use of the postpartum depression screening scale in a highvolume collaborative obstetric and midwifery practice. The birth of your baby is supposed to be a happy time, but about 1 in 9 women and 1 in 10 men develop postpartum depression ppd. A twoyear district ii initiative was undertaken to pilot routine perinatal depression screening using the edinburgh postpartum depression scale epds. Three plandostudyact pdsa cycles were implemented involving educational strategies, systembased practice improvement and stakeholder participation. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist primary care health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from postpartum depression ppd.
The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment. Administer the phq9 as a screen for maternal depression. Venkatesh and colleagues determined the edinburgh postpartum depression scale edps was appropriate for accurately identifying depression and anxiety in postpartum adolescent mothers. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ucsf fresno.
Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. This quiz will be scored and assessed on a postpartum depression scale. Screening for postpartum depression with the edinburgh. Postpartum major depression american family physician.
The signs and symptoms of depression include depressed. This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this. Postpartum depression screening looks for a number of specific elements regarding the development of ppd. Used as a brief screening device, it identifies women who are at high risk for postpartum depression, so that health. A score of 1012 is considered the cut off for ppd and should be referred for further evaluation or treatment. Postnatal depression scale epds, beck depression inventory ii bdi. The effectiveness of screening to identify ppd has substantial relevance for the selection of screening instruments. This is a 10item, assessment tool that is valid and reliable for detecting postpartum depression. Postpartum depression help see postpartum depression. Overall, the postpartum adjustment questionnaire had a moderate correlation. The goal was to describe the accuracy of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, beck depression inventory ii bdiii.
It is not available for free online and must be purchased. The postpartum distress measure pdm previous measures of postpartum distress have focused on depressed mood despite evidence that postpartum anxiety is just as prevalent. There may also be physical symptoms such as headaches and rapid heart rate. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the postpartum depression screening scale pdss for the turkish population. I never thought postpartum depression would happen to me. Provide psva information card and contact information for support groups and other community resources.
The advantages to this screening are that it does into greater symptom detail and reduces somatic confounds. The screening tool used for this project was the edinburgh postpartum depression scale epds, which is a validated 10item screening questionnaire for ppd. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. The purpose of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate the spanish version of the postpartum depression screening scale pdss. Postpartum depression is defined in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision hereafter, dsmivtr as a major depressive disorder. With the postpartum depression screening scale pdss, clinicians can identify mothers suffering from postpartum depressionearly and easily. This 10 item selfreport questionnaire can be readily found online for free with scoring instructions. The postpartum adjustment questionnaire may be a valid predictor of postpartum depression, although. Factor analysis of the prediction of the postpartum. Npa position statement 2018 perinatal mood and anxiety. Resources are available to help you and your loved ones know the signs and symptoms of ppd. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is most frequently used in the research setting and clinical practice for several reasons.
The percentage of deliveries in which members were screened for clinical depression using a standardized instrument during the postpartum period. Here are some of the items that postpartum depression screening aims to identify. The goal was to describe the accuracy of the edinburgh. Phq9 patient depression questionnaire for initial diagnosis. Apply motivational interviewing and reflective practice skills when interacting with families. It may also be caused by other factors, such as lack of family or social support, being a teen mom, andor having a baby with health problems. Opportunities for routine postpartum depression screening include mothers postpartum office visits and their infants wellchild visits. Postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues.
The beck depression inventory bdi, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, the postpartum depression screening scale pdss, and the postpartum depression predictors inventoryrevised pdpir are common depression instruments. They take approximately 5 to 10 minutes to complete. Exploring the postpartum adjustment questionnaire as a. Clinical tools for your practice the postpartum stress. Perinatal anxiety screening scale pass antenatal postnatal date. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 6. This is a 10item questionnaire which has been validated in many different populations and is available in almost every language. Article pdf available in archives of women s mental health 143.
Minnesotas postpartum depression education and information legislation requires hospitals, wic clinics and providers that serve pregnant and new mothers to provide written information about postpartum depression the info sheet and maternal wellbeing plan, these materials are available for all to use. Early identification and treatment by primary care clinicians or mental health specialists is essential. Postpartum depression scale, postpartum depression. Postpartum depression screening scale in a collaborative. Postnatal depression is poorly identified in the community.
The scope of this position statement is limited to screening for a specific disorder, major depression see the dsmiv. Screening for postpartum depression in military women with. Pdf the purpose of the study was to analyse for the first time the validity of a slightly modified version of the portuguese postpartum depression. Patient completes phq9 quick depression assessment. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Only a medical professional can do a true postpartum depression screening. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. The three selfassessment tools described in figure 1 are easy to use. Below are 2 examples of tools that can be used to identify symptoms of ppd 6. Give each postpartum woman a screening tool to complete, in the form of. Postpartum depression screening postpartum depression. Normalnegative screen likely not suffering at this time provide education about risksincidence. The study sample included 445 women in their 2ndth postpartum week. The american college of obstetricians and gynecologists acog recommends screening for postpartum depression ppd with a validated tool, which may reduce the duration or severity of depressive symptoms.
A recent study indicated that the epds may be further abbreviated to a three question version which can be used to screen for postpartum. Perinatal mental health information for health professionals. The epds is easy to administer and has proven to be an effective. Screening tools are not a substitute for this clinical assessment, and scores just below the. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early postpartum period 43 but must be supported by clinical assessment of. Several screening instruments have been validated for use during pregnancy and the postpartum period to assist with systematically identifying patients with perinatal depression table 1. The impact of depression in postpartum women is at least as great as that for depression in other populations. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. Postpartum depression screening scale pdss this 35 item selfreport designed specifically for postpartum use.
Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Postpartum depression is often caused by changing hormone levels. This 35item, selfreport instrument can be administered in just 5 to 10 minutes. With the postpartum depression screening scale pdss, clinicians can identify mothers suffering from postpartum depression early and easily. The statements can be read to women who have difficulty reading. Phq9 patient health questionnaire maternal depression. Screening for prenatal and postpartum depression valid screening tools are available.
A descriptive, longitudinal, prospective design was used to gather data with the postpartum depression screening scale. Postpartum depression is the most underdiagnosed obstetric complication in the u. Edinburgh postpartum depression screening tool the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the screening instrument most commonly used to identify women with postpartum mood disorders. Theres no blood test or body scan that shows you have this. This 10question screening tool has been validated in numerous countries, including the united states, and in several different languages. Ecds postpartum depression screening and followup pds 1. Preventive services task force recommends screening adults 18 years and older, including pregnant and postpartum women, for. Efficacy and safety of screening for postpartum depression.
To assess the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, a selfadministered questionnaire created to screen for symptoms of postpartum depression in the community, from an epidemiological and. The research was conducted in the province of ankara between 15 june 2003 and 15 february 2004. Earls, 2010 because the burden of depression and other mental health distress is so high for mothers and their children, and because it is often overlooked, psi believes that there is a tremendous need for universal screening of all pregnant and postpartum women. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds section of swycma validated in pregnancy and postpartum sensitivity 86% specificity 78% cross cultural validility. Eight translators representing the predominant hispanic groups in the united states translated the pdss into a spanish version. Accuracy of depression screening tools for identifying postpartum. First and foremost, postpartum depression screening is used to help identify a set of initial depression symptoms in new mothers. Screening for prenatal and postpartum depression 2 hurtingor not being able to protectthe infant are particularly troubling to mothers. Depression is a potentially lifethreatening condition with a substantial impact on quality of life. Describe the importance of examining the availability of local referral resources, and where a dearth of such resources. Depression was measured after delivery but before hospital discharge time 1, 2 weeks after delivery time 2, and 6 to 8 weeks after delivery time 3. Describe the importance of screening for maternal depression.